# 介词 Preposition

# 十大元帅用法 | “on”

介词猫猫图--on 介词on的含义

我们可以看到猫猫图中小猫在瓶子上,并且和瓶子是接触的。所以on的意思不止是“在……上”,而要强调“接触”,这是我们很容易忽略的意思。由接触引申出“支撑”、“带着”、“关于”这些意思。

要点拓展

1、名词词组

give an opinion on

【直译】在…问题之上给出一个意见

【释义】对…发表意见

【例句】 He asked his father to give an opinion on his plans.

他征求爸爸对他的计划发表意见。

on the move/go

【直译】在运动/行走之上

【释义】在活动中,在进行中;四处奔波

【例句】The theme of this year’s World No Tobacco Day is “On the move against smoking”.

今年世界无烟日的主题是“行动起来,防止抽烟”。

on the air

【直译】在空气之上

【释义】在广播,广播中

【例句】We would never use it on the air . You need to find a real news story.

我们从不播映这样的节目,你需要去找到一个真正的新闻材料。

2、动词词组

agree on

【直译】在(一件事上)同意

【释义】同意,赞成

【例句】 We agree on this count.

在这一点上,我们的意见一致。

carry on

【直译】在(一件事上)坚持

【释义】继续开展,坚持下去(继续,开展; 参与)

【例句】 It was so noisy it was hard to carry on a conversation .

太嘈杂了以至于这场谈话无法进行下去。

decide on

【直译】在(一件事上)决定

【释义】选定,决定(作出决定)

【例句】 Have you decided on a date for the wedding?

你选定好婚礼的日期了吗?

3、形容词/副词词组

be keen on

【直译】在(某一件事上)是热衷的

【释义】喜爱,爱好;渴望

【例句】 He is deeply keen on playing chess.

他痴迷于下棋。

4、习语

on end

【直译】在结尾上(这个只能死记硬背了)

【释义】连续地;竖着

【例句】 Your letter cheered me up on end.

你的信始终激励着我

on earth

【直译】在地上/在世界上

【释义】在世界上;究竟,到底

【例句】 What on earth did you do that for?

你究竟想干什么?

on the contrary

【直译】在这些相反的东西上

【释义】正相反

【例句】 It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.

这非但不是件好事,正相反,是一个极大的错误。

典例精讲

1.Fred,who had expected how it would go with his daughter,had a great worry __________ his mind.

A. on B.in C. with D.at

  1. Scientists are convinced _______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.

A. of; at B.by; in C. of; on D. on; at

  1. —When did you last hear _______ Jay?

—He phoned me this morning,and we agreed _______ a time and place to meet.

A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on

  1. I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges.

A. by B. in C. on D. to

答案和解析:

  1. 答案 A

【解析】 本题考查介词的用法。on one’s mind直意为“在某人心上”,理解为“某人有心事,担心”;如:You look worried,Sarah. Is there anything on your mind? (萨拉,你看起来很焦虑。有什么心事吗?)in one’s mind在某人心里;with与at与mind搭配意思讲不通。根据句意,A项正确。

  1. 答案 C

【解析】 be convinced of sth直译为“被…的说服”,理解为“坚信……”;the effect on sth直译为“在…上的影响”,理解为“对于……的影响”;由此搭配形式可知C项正确。

  1. 答案 D

【解析】句意为:——你最后一次得知Jay的消息是什么时候?——今天早上他给我打电话,我们约定了见面的时间和地点。hear about/of听到有关……,听说;hear from收到……的来信;得知某人的消息;agree on sth.在……上取得一致意见;agree to do sth.同意去做某事;agree to sth.对于 (计划、安排、方案等) 同意;agree with sth./sb.和某人(的意见)同意。

  1. 答案:C

【直译】我对于他的建议表示同意,在这个条件上,也就是他丢掉所有的指控。

【直译】我同意他的建议,条件是他放弃所有指控。

【解析】介词on 和the condition that一起相当一个连词,引导条件状语从句,意思是“条件是,以……为条件”。

# 十大元帅用法 |“in”

在猫猫图中可以看到小猫在瓶子里,所以in的含义是“在……中/里面”,它引申出“时间”、“状态”、“方式”、“穿着”的用法,但这些意思都离不开核心的意思“在……里面/中”。

介词in的含义

要点拓展

1、名词词组

arm in arm

【直译】手在手中/胳膊在胳膊中

【释义】手挽手地

【例句】The newly-married couple walked out of the church arm in arm.

这对新婚夫妇手挽手走出了殿堂。

a case in point

【直译】一个在点中的例子

【释义】一个恰当的例子

【例句】William’s career is a case in point.

William’s的事业就是一个非常典型的例子。

in the end

【直译】在这个结尾

【释义】最后,最终,终于,到末了;到底;结果

【例句】He calmed down in the end.

他的情绪终于平定下来。

2、动词词组

abound in

【直译】 在…中盛产

【释义】盛产;富于

【例句】Natural resources abound in our country.

我国富产自然资源。

keep in touch with

【直译】和…在接触中保持

【释义】与...保持联系

【例句】We must keep in touch with each other.

大家要经常保持联系。

be well up in

【直译】在…中是好的(up表示“向上”,竖起大拇指的意思)

【释义】精通,熟悉,长于

【例句】His grandfather seems to be well up in soothsaying.

他的祖父似乎长于占卜。

3、形容词/副词词组

be generous in

【直译】在…中是慷慨的

【释义】乐于...

【例句】He is very generous in helping others.

他非常乐于助人。

be occupied in

【直译】被占用在某事中

【释义】忙于...,正从事...

【例句】He has been occupied in his new writing recently.

他最近一直忙于他的近作品。

be engaged in

【直译】是在…中忙碌的

【释义】使从事于,使忙于

【例句】Mr. Armstrong was engaged in prayer.

    Mr. Armstrong 从事于神职业工作。

4、习语

in any case

【直译】在任何的例子中

【释义】无论如何,总之

【例句】I don’t see why I couldn’t do it. In any case, I’m going to try.

我不明白为什么我做不了,总之,我会尽力尝试。

in common

【直译】在共同中

【释义】公共,共有,共同

【例句】In common with a lot of other countries, we’re in an economic recession.

和其他国家一样,我们的国家也面临经济衰退。

in order to

【直译】在去(做某事)的秩序中

【释义】为了(做某事)

【例句】He polished off his work in order to see his girlfriend.

为了去见女朋友,他匆忙地做完手头的工作。

典例精讲

1.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid.

A.in favour of B.in honour of C.in face of D.in need of

2.______the silence of the pauses,we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.

A. In B. For C. Under D. Between

3.John was absorbed _____ his work.

A. on B.to C. from D.in

答案和解析

1.答案 D

【解析】句意为:许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。in favour of支持;in honour of为了纪念;in face of面对;in need of需要。

2.答案 A

【解析】 句意为:在停顿的沉默中,我们能听到对方的呼吸,甚至能听到我们自己的心跳。A项为“在……中”;B项为“因为,由于”;C项为“在……下面”;D项为“在……之间”。

3.答案D

【解析】 be absorbed in专心致志于……

# 十大元帅用法 |“at”

从猫猫图中可以看到小猫在一个点上,所以at的含义是“在……点”,所以由在一个点引申出“旁边”、“数字”、“时间”等意思。

1、名词词组

at bottom

【直译】在根上

【释义】实际上,根本上;基本上

【例句】She’s a kind person at bottom.

她实际上是个善良的人。

at ease

【直译】在一个点上自在/安逸

【释义】安逸;自在;无拘无束

【例句】He is at ease about this matter.

他对这事很放心。

at odds

【直译】在不平等

【释义】不和,争吵,不一致

【例句】Those two have been at odds (with one another) for ages.

那两个人合不来已经很久了。

2、动词词组

glance at

【直译】浏览一个点

【释义】浏览,粗略地阅读

【例句】He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.

他看了看手表,然后又看了看天空。

run out at

【直译】跑出去到那

【释义】到达(某数字)

【例句】The number of patient has run out at 1500.

患者人数到达1500人。

come at

【直译】来到一个点

【释义】袭击;达到;得到(逼向)

【例句】Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.

他用刀突然向我袭击。

3、形容词/副词词组

feel amused at

【直译】在这个点上感到搞笑的

【释义】以...自娱,逗...笑

【例句】Everyone felt amused at the story about Tom.

每个人都被Tom的故事逗笑了。

4、习语

at best

【直译】在最好的点

【释义】充其量,至多

【例句】The campaign was at best only partially successful.

这次活动最多只能算做取得一定的成功。

at all costs

【直译】在全部的代价

【释义】不惜任何代价

【例句】We must avoid a scandal at all costs.

我们必须不惜任何代价避免丑闻。

at the end

【直译】在那个尽头

【释义】到尽头,在末尾

【例句】If you have any questions , you can ask them at the end , please.

如果你有什么问题,你可以在最后问他问题。

典例精讲

1.John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School _______ the beginning of March.

A. on B. for C. with D.at

2.Jenny was born ____.

A.in the year 1980, at 10 a.m. on June 14th

B. on June 14th at 10 a.m. in the year 1980

C.at 10 a.m. in the year 1980 on June 14th

D.at 10 a.m. on June 14th in the year 1980

答案和解析

答案 D

解析 考查介词。at the beginning of意为“在……之初/开始”。

答案D

解析 具体到一个时间点和较短的时刻用at

# 十大元帅用法 |“of”

从猫猫图中可以看到有一个大猫元元和小鸡,小鸡是属于大猫元元的,所以of的含义是“属于……的”。引申出“地点”、“数量”、“动作”都是它的用法。

1、名词词组

take advantage of

【直译】 采取…的好处

【释义】趁…之机,利用

【例句】Take advantage of all educational opportunities.

利用所有受教育的机会。

at the instance of

【直译】 在…的邀请/以…的邀请(表示一个点)

【释义】 应…之请,经…的提议

【例句】The man came here at the instance of Dr. Jekyll.

这个人是应吉基尔博士的邀请来这儿的。

in charge of

【直译】在…的掌管中

【释义】主管,掌管,照管

【例句】The officer is in charge of the investigation.

这个官员主管这项调查。

2、动词词组

accuse sb. of sth.

【直译】 控告了某事的某人

【释义】 控告(某人某事)

【例句】They accused him of taking bribes.

他们控告他受贿。

allow of

【直译】…的容许

【释义】 容许(有…),容得

【例句】The situations allow of no excuse.

形势刻不容缓。

drain sb. of sth.

【直译】耗干某物的某人

【释义】耗尽/用完某人的某物

【例句】I felt depressed and completely drained of energy .

我感觉很沮丧,完全失去了活力。

3、形容词/副词词组

be aware of

【直译】是…的意识到

【释义】知道,意识到,认识到

【例句】She was aware of a tall dark figure watching her.

她感觉到有一个高大的黑影在注视她。

ahead of

【直译】…的前面

【释义】在…前面,先于;胜过

【例句】I arrived ahead of the others.

我比别人提前到达。

upwards of

【直译】…的向上

【释义】 …以上;多于…

【例句】He has saved upwards of £100 .

他已经存了100多英镑。

4、习语

of course

【释义】自然,当然,无疑

【例句】Can you give me a lift? “Of course, no problem”.

你能用车带我一段吗?当然没问题。

a bill of fare

【释义】菜单;节目单

【例句】The waiter gave me a bill of fare.

服务生给我递过了一个菜单。

典例精讲

1.Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid.

A.in favour of B.in honour of C.in face of D.in need of

2.Scientists are convinced _______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.

A.of; at B.by; in C. of; on D. on; at

答案和解析

  1. 答案 D

【解析】 句意为:许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。in favour of支持;in honour of为了纪念;in face of面对;in need of需要。

  1. 答案 C

【解析】 be convinced of sth.坚信……;the effect on sth.对于……的影响;由此搭配形式可知C项正确。

# 十大元帅用法 |“as”

1、名词词组

as a result

【直译】作为一个结果

【释义】结果,因此

【例句】He had some stale fish. As a result, he fell ill.

他吃了些变质的鱼,结果生病了。

as a result of

【直译】作为一个…的结果

【释义】由于,作为……的结果

【例句】He is unable to go to work as a result of the fall from his horse.

他从马上摔下来,所以不能上班了。

as a matter of fact

【直译】作为一个事实的东西

【释义】事实上,实际上

【例句】As a matter of fact, I do know her.

事实上,我的确认识她。

2、动词/形容词/副词词组

according as

【直译】像…一样

【释义】根据...而...

【例句】The new compensation system prescribes that all the personnel will paid according as he is able.

新的薪酬制度规定所有员工都根据能力而获得报酬。

be noted as

【直译】作为…而是著名的

【释义】以…而闻名

【例句】Paris is noted as fashionable dress.

巴黎以时尚而闻名。

be regarded as

【直译】被作为…而认为

【释义】被认为是;被当做是

【例句】In fact, any kind of street performance can be regarded as a form of busking.

事实上,任何类别的街头表演都可以被当作一种街头艺术形式。

3、习语

as to

【释义】至于,关于

【例句】As to our future plans, I think I need only say that the company intends to expand at a steady rate.

至于我们未来的计划,我想公司需要以稳定的速度发展。

as if/though

【释义】好像,仿佛

【例句】Gary was behaving as if/though nothing had happened.

   Gary表现得好像什么都没有发生。

as long as

【释义】只要

【例句】You can stay for as long as you want.

只要你愿意请随便呆下去。

典例精讲

1.Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _______ a stepping-stone to future success.

A.to B. for C.as D.by

2.Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______ a stepping stone to future success.

A.to B. for C.as D.by

3.This library was ranked ______ one of the best libraries in the world_____ honor of its contribution to the people.

A.for, with B.as, for C.as, in D.with, to

3.This library was ranked ______ one of the best libraries in the world_____ honor of its contribution to the people.

A.for, with B.as, for C.as, in D.with, to

答案和解析

  1. 答案C。

【解释】use sth. as sth. “把……当做……”

  1. 答案 C

【翻译】让我们学习如何利用我们面临的问题作为未来成功的垫脚石

  1. 答案:C

【翻译】该图书馆因其对人民的贡献而被评为世界上最好的图书馆之一。【翻译】让我们学习如何利用我们面临的问题作为未来成功的垫脚石

  1. 答案:C

【翻译】该图书馆因其对人民的贡献而被评为世界上最好的图书馆之一。

# 十大元帅用法 |“by”

在猫猫图中可以看到小猫依靠在椅子上,所以by的含义是“依靠”。所以引申出“通过”、“被,由”、“截止到”这些意思。

by& at& in 关于时间的用法

by: +时间点 表示到…时间为止

at: +时间点 表示正在一个时间点

in: +时间段 表示在一个时间段中/将来式表示在未来的一段时间内

1、名词词组

bit by bit

【直译】一点靠着一点

【释义】一点一点地,渐渐

【例句】Bit by bit , I was starting to change my mind.

渐渐地,我改变了自己的意识。

by degree

【直译】依靠程度

【释义】逐渐地,渐渐地;一步一步地

【例句】The truth was drawn from her by degrees.

她逐渐吐露真情

by contrast

【直译】依靠对比

【释义】相比之下;与之相比

【例句】She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast , had done very well.

她考试差点不及格,而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。

2、动词词组

come by

【直译】过来靠一下

【释义】从旁路走过;得到(得到; 找到)

【例句】Jobs were hard to come by.

工作是很难找到的。

drop by

【直译】掉下来靠了一下

【释义】顺便走访,非正式访问。(非正式地拜访)

【例句】Afternoons he would drop by the Club, where many of his friends gathered for cocktails.

下午他要去顺便拜访俱乐部,哪里聚集这他很多朋友喝鸡尾酒。

abide by

【直译】依靠…遵守

【释义】遵守;信守;承担…的后果( 遵守)

【例句】If you join the club, you have to abide by its rules.

如果你参加俱乐部,你就遵守它的规章。

3、习语

by accident

【直译】依靠事故

【释义】偶然

【例句】John ran into an old friend by accident.

    John 偶遇了一位老友。

by and large

【释义】总的来说,大体上(一般说来; 总体上)

【例句】By and large, the new arrangements have worked well.

总的来说,新的安排运行的很好。

by and by

【直译】 靠着和靠着

【释义】不久以后,将来(不久; 最后,将来 )

【例句】She will be better by and by.

她将来会更好的。

典例精讲

1.If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave _____ the back door.

A. for B. by C. across D. out

2.If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave _____ the back door.

A. for B. by C. across D. out

3.A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little men.

A. under B. with C. on D.by

答案和解析

  1. 答案B

【解析】这里by =through 表示“通过”。Across表示“平面上穿过”

  1. 答案 B

【解析】 本题句意为:如果你确实要在会议期间离开,那么你最好从后门离开。“从后门”用by the back door。for表示原因;across表示“穿过,横穿”;out表示“在外面”,三者均不符合句意。

  1. 答案 D

【解析】 句意为:伟人通过他对待小人物的方式显出其伟大。四个选项中,只有by能表示“通过……方式”。

# 十大元帅用法 |“for”

从猫猫图可以看到把一盒小鱼干给元元(猫)作为礼物,表示为了……的礼物。所以for的含义是“为了”,引申出“对于”、“给”、“因为”这些意思。

1、名词词组

do duty for

【直译】做职责为了…

【释义】当…用,起作用=do duty as

【例句】 The living room also does duty for a home office.

这个居室可以用做办公室。

for ages

【直译】为了很多年

【释义】很久;很长时间

【例句】Oh, I’ve had this for ages.

哦,我也曾有过这个(问题等)很长时间。

for life

【直译】为了生命

【释义】终身;为了保命

【例句】The disease marked his face for life.

这种疾病在他的脸上留下了终身去不掉的疤痕。

2、动词词组

account for

【直译】为了…而解释

【释义】说明(原因等);解释((数量、比例上) 占,导致; 解释 对…负责)

【例句】 Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?

你能够解释实验屡屡失败的原因吗?

advertise for

【直译】为…而登广告

【释义】登广告征求(寻找)某物

【例句】 The company advertised for a new secretary.

公司登广告招聘新秘书。

aim for

【直译】为…而瞄准

【释义】力争…,针对

【例句】 His father advised him to aim for a better education.

他的父亲劝说他力争获得更良好的教育。

3、形容词/副词词组

as for

【直译】就像为了…

【释义】至于,就…方面说

【例句】 You can ask the others, but as for myself, I'll be busy in the office.

你可以去问问其他人,但是至于我,我现在在办公室非常忙。

be available for

【直译】为了…而是有效的

【释义】有效

【例句】 No figures are available for the number of goods sold.

出售的商品数量很难描述。

典例精讲

1.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone's enjoyment.

  A. in            B. at         C. for            D. to

2.Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools ______ further education.

A. after B. in C. for D. on

答案和解析

  1. 答案:C

解析:for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如:We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。

  1. 答案:C

解析。C。 for表示“为了”

# 十大元帅用法 |“from”

从猫猫图中可以看到from是小猫从中国来的。所以from的含义是“从”,引申出“减去”、“离”、“用”的意思。

2、动词词组

issue from

【直译】 从…发起

【释义】由…引起;产生于

【例句】Lots of illness issue from environment pollution.

许多疾病是环境污染引起的。

refrain from

【直译】从…中抑制

【释义】抑制

【例句】Improving social welfare can refrain from crime.

提高社会福利可以抑制犯罪。

detached sth. from sth.

【直译】从…上拆下来…

【释义】把…从…上卸下

【例句】You can detach the hood from the jacket.

你可以将帽兜从夹克上卸下来。

3、形容词/副词词组

apart from

【直译】从…离开了

【释义】除…之外(别无)

【例句】Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.

除了几处划痕外,汽车没有受到什么损害。

aside from

【直译】从…向一旁

【释义】(美)除…以外

【例句】Aside from Durang's performance, other actors are ordinary.

除了Durang的表演非常出色外,其他的演员都一般。

be tired from

【直译】从…中是困倦的

【释义】因……疲倦

【例句】I’m very tired from running as fast as I can.

奋力快跑后,我感觉很疲倦。

4、习语

start from scratch

【直译】从抓痕开始

【释义】从头做起,从零开始

【例句】It would never be late if you started from scratch.

从零开始永远不晚。

典例精讲

1.—When did you last hear _______ Jay?

—He phoned me this morning,and we agreed a time and place to meet.

A.of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on

2.She claimed 500 dollars ______ him _______ injuries suffered.

A. for; of B. from; of C. from; for D. for; from

答案和解析

答案 D

【解析】 句意为:——你最后一次得知Jay的消息是什么时候?——今天早上他给我打电话,我们约定了见面的时间和地点。hear about/of听到有关……,听说;hear from收到……的来信;得知某人的消息;agree on sth.在……方面取得一致意见;agree to do sth.同意做某事;agree to sth.同意(计划、安排、方案等);agree with sth./sb.同意某人(的意见)。

答案 C

【翻译】她因受伤向他索要500美元。

# 十大元帅用法 |“to”

从猫猫图中可以看到小猫是到中国去,所以to的含义是“去,到”。引申出“朝,向”、“给”、“对于”这几个意思。

1、名词词组

pay attention to

【直译】付出了注意力到…

【释义】注意,重视

【例句】She tried to pay attention to what he was saying.

她竭力注意他所讲的。

2、动词词组

amount to

【直译】总数到达…(等同于)

【释义】总共达到;实际上是

【例句】His arrearage amounts to $5000.

他欠债总计达到5000美元。

adapt to

【直译】对…去适应

【释义】适应

【例句】You should adapt yourself to the new environment as possible as you can.

你应该尽快适应新环境。

adhere to

【直译】粘附到…

【释义】粘附在…上;坚持

【例句】I will adhere to this opinion until contrary facts appear,

如果没有相反的事实,我将坚持我的意见。

3、形容词/副词词组

be about to

【直译】是关于去做某事的

【释义】即将(做)

【例句】The chorus is about to sing.

合唱团要开始演出。

be accustomed to

【直译】习惯于去做某事

【释义】习惯于

【例句】I have accustomed myself to working long hours.

我已经习惯于长时间的工作。

be deaf to

【直译】对于…是聋的

【释义】对……听不进(置之不理)

【例句】He was deaf to all advice.

他听不进任何劝告。

4、习语

to a turn

【直译】对于一个轮回

【释义】正好,恰好

【例句】The coffee was done to a turn.

咖啡冲得恰到好处。

to date

【直译】 到这个日期

【释义】到此为止

【例句】This may be the winery’s best Cabernet to date.

这可能是迄今为止这个酿酒厂制造的最好的葡萄酒了。

典例精讲

1.Mary’s father said he was opposed ____her marriage.

A. to B. into C. against D. for

2.I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and the point.

A.at B. on C.to D. of

答案和解析

答案:A

解析 be opposed to反对……

答案 C

解析 to the point中肯, 切题

# 十大元帅用法 |“with”

从猫猫图可以看到两只小猫相伴在一起,所以with的含义是“伴随”。由伴随引申出“用”、“和”、“随着”的意思。

介词with的含义

1、名词词组

in accordance with

【直译】和…是在一致中

【释义】与...一致,按照,根据

【例句】The general manager emphasized that all the personnel should act in accordance with the rules.

总经理强调每位员工都应该根据规则获得行事。

keep pace with

【直译】和…保持步伐

【释义】与...齐步前进

【例句】Are wages keeping pace with inflation?

工资与否与通货膨胀同步提高?

come to terms with

【直译】和…到达协议

【释义】达成协议,妥协,让步

【例句】George and Elizabeth have come to terms with the fact that they will never have children.

George 和 Elizabeth 达成了共识永远不要孩子。

2、动词词组

bear with

【直译】伴随着…而容忍

【释义】宽容,证明(对 (某人) 有耐心)

【例句】Bear with me a minute.

请耐心等候我一会

begin with

【直译】伴随着…而开始

【释义】以...开始;开始于

【例句】Shall we begin with a prayer?

让我们开始祈祷吧?

be bound up with

【直译】被和…绑在一起

【释义】与...有密切关系

【例句】Mark’s problems are all bound up with his mother’s death when he was ten.

Mark 的问题与他在十岁时丧母有很大关系。

3、形容词/副词词组

be acquainted with

【直译】和…是熟悉的

【释义】认识,熟悉

【例句】You must be acquainted with your new duties.

你必须熟悉你的新任务。

get away with

【直译】伴随着…而逃离(就是带着…跑了)

【释义】侥幸做成,侥幸得手(逃脱惩罚)

【例句】He just got away with succeeding in the examination this time.

他这一次不过是侥幸通过了考试。

do away with

【直译】和…一起做没了

【释义】废除,去掉,弄死(消除; 终结,谋杀 )

【例句】People thought that the use of robots would do away with boring low-paid factory jobs.

人们认为机器人将会代替工厂中乏味低酬的工作

典例精讲

1.he dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ______ me.

A. by B. for C. in D. with

2.My teacher often helps me ____ my English, ____ her help, I have caught up ____ the class.

A. with, under, with B. with, with, with C. of, with, to D. in, under, with

答案和解析

1.答案:D

【解析】I don’t have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。

2.答案:B

【解析】with表伴随,我的老师经常帮助我学习英语,在她的帮助下,我赶上了班上的进度。

# 上上下下用法 |“above”

我们从猫猫图中可以看到小猫在瓶子上面,但是没有和瓶子接触,所以above的意思是“在……上(悬空、不接触)”,而且是相对静止的。

1、 动词词组

get above oneself

【直译】 达到超越自己

【释义】自视甚高,自高自大

【例句】She's been getting a bit above herself since winning her award.

她获奖以来,渐渐有点骄傲了。

keep one's head above water

【直译】保持自己的头超过水面

【释义】保持不沉入水中,维持生活,应付工作

【例句】Mr. Smith has had a great deal of extra work recently, but he just manages to keep his head above water.

史密斯先生最近手头有大量的份外工作,但是他还是设法对付过去了。

raise oneself above the crowd

【直译】把自己升起到一个人群之上

【释义】出类拔萃 出人头地

【例句】Tom raises himself above the crowd in physics

   Tom在物理上超越了其他人。

rise above

【直译】上升到…之上

【释义】 升到…之上,超越…,克服,沾沾自喜(克服)

【例句】But you must rise above these fears.

但是你必须克服这一切恐惧。

2、名词词组

above all

【直译】超过所有

【释义】尤其是,最重要的是

【例句】Above all, he loved words and their sounds.

尤其是,他喜爱词汇和词的声音。

above board

【直译】甲板之上(表示正大光明)

【释义】光明正大地;诚实地(正大光明的)

【例句】My business dealings are above board.

我做生意都是光明正大的

above criticism

【直译】 超出了指责

【释义】无可指责

【例句】

他们自认为是无可非议的。

3、 其他词组

above normal

【直译】高于正常的

【释义】高于正常的(地)

【例句】The main uncertainty in this outlook is how much above normal the season will be.

关于这个预报唯一不确定的就是相比正常的飓风季,今年究竟会多反常。

over and above

【直译】 跨越和超过

【释义】除…之外(还);多于;过于,太

【例句】"I wanted to have something over and above an undergraduate degree to make me stand out from other candidates, " she says.

她说,“我想拥有一个超过或高于本科学位的学历,这将令我超出其他的应聘者。”

典例精讲

1.He was a good student and scored _____ average in most subjects.

A.below B. of C. on D. above

2.Never waste anything, and ______never waste time. A above all B in all C after all D be sure

3.The sun rose ____ the horizon.

 A. on         B. above    C. over     D. down

答案和解析

答案D

【解析】句意为:他是一个好学生,大多数科目高于平均水平。Above average高于平均数;below average低于平均数;on average平均起来,一般来说。

2.答案A

【解析】A above all 最重要的是,首要的是,in all 总而言之 = in a word = totally ,after all 毕竟 ,终究,最终的意思,be sure 是确信的意思,所以选A

3.答案B

【翻译】不要浪费任何事物,最重要的是别浪费时间

【解析】太阳升起到地平线之上,和地平线不接触,所以排除on;太阳用我们肉眼观察运动很慢,基本可以算是悬停状态,所以排除over和down,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】太阳升到地平线上。

# 上上下下用法 | “below”

从猫猫图中可以看到小猫在瓶子下面,没有和瓶子接触,所以below的含义是在……下(不接触)。

1、名词词组

below one's breath

【直译】在某人的呼吸之下

【释义】悄悄地,低声地

【例句】I tell him a secret below my breath.

    我悄悄告诉他一个秘密。

below par

【直译】支付下的价格(标准价格下)

【释义】在票面价值以下

【例句】You do not want people to discount you and your goals because they view your education level below par.

你不希望低估你,看轻你的目标,因为他们认为你的教育水平不够水准。

below strength

【直译】在力量之下

【释义】不足额的;不够编制 不足规定人数的(在…下面 在下面)

【例句】The office will be below strength in August when a lot of people will be away.

在8月,许多人将外出,那时办公室中便会人数不足。

below the belt

【直译】在带子下面

【释义】不正当手段地

【例句】Do you think it's a bit below the belt what they're doing?

你觉得他们的做法是不是有点儿不太光明正大?

below the mark

【直译】标准之下

【释义】未达标准

【例句】You are altogether backward, and below the mark .

你完全落后了,不及格。

典例精讲

1.From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _______ us.

A.under B. over C. below D. above

2.He did not care if it was 100°F in the shade or 20°F ______ zero.

A. in     B. below     C. under     D. beneath

答案和解析

1.答案 C

【翻译】从教学楼的顶部我们看到了我们的湖

2.答案 B

【翻译】如果是100华氏度在阴影或20华氏度低于零度,他不在乎

# 上上下下用法 | “down”

1、动词词组

belt down

【直译】传送带往下走

【释义】在…上迅速移动

【例句】If you belt down the road, you'll catch your train.

要是你顺这条路赶快跑去,你可以赶上火车。

cast down

【直译】向下投掷

【释义】把…投向…( 使(人)气馁沮丧)

【例句】They cast down their weapons at last.

最后他们终于放下了武器。

draw down

【直译】拉下去

【释义】沿着…向下拉(削减)

【例句】This year we are spending a lot of money on ads, but next year we plan a draw down in our advertising expenses.

今年我们在广告上投了很多钱,但明年准备逐步减少广告开销。

2、名词词组

down the drain

【直译】水向下流(付之东流)

【释义】浪费,消失

【例句】One season of apples down the drain.

一季的苹果就这样付诸东流。

down the line

【直译】 在线的下面

【释义】完全

【例句】Other technical answers may be possible down the line, but for right now Google doesn’t feel those are ready.

其他的技术性解答完全是可能的,但目前谷歌认为都还未就绪。

down the street

【直译】沿着街道向下

【释义】沿街道

【例句】The kid booted a small stone down the street.

那小孩沿马路踢小石子。

# 上上下下用法 | “onto”

1、词组

hold onto

【直译】上去抓紧

【释义】紧紧抓住(握住 坚持不懈 稍等片刻 )

【例句】Picture that person and hold onto that unwillingness to forgive.

心里想象着这个人,而又紧握那种无法原谅的不情愿。

knock onto the ground

【直译】撞到地上去

【释义】打翻在地

【例句】The child , in such anxiety, knocked another plate onto the ground.

小孩儿一着急就把另一只盘子也碰到地上.

# 上上下下用法 | “over”

从猫猫图上我们可以看到小猫从瓶子上跨过去了,所以over强调的是“在……上跨越”的含义。它引申出“超过(数量)”、“越过(方向)”、“跨越(动作)”这些意思。 1、 动词词组

freeze over

【直译】(跨越)全面的结冰

【释义】(使)全面结冰

【例句】The river has been frozen over .

河流已经全面结冰。

glance over

【直译】跨越的看(来回扫描的看 )

【释义】浏览,粗略地阅读

【例句】The Personnel Manager glanced over the list of names of the applicants.

人事部经理浏览了一下申请人名单。

hold over

【直译】 抓住跨越一个期间

【释义】 将…延迟;期满后继任 (拖延对...的考虑; 拖延对...的作用)

【例句】Will the rain hold over until after the game?

这场雨能拖到比赛结束之后再下吗?

run over with

【直译】伴随着…跑过来

【释义】充满;洋溢着

【例句】She always runs over with zeal.

她总是充满热情跑过来。

chat over

【直译】在…之上闲谈

【释义】闲谈

【例句】Let's have a chat over a cup of coffee.

咱们一边喝咖啡边聊天吧。

2、 习语

all over

【直译】跨越了所有

【释义】到处,遍及;全部结束

【例句】He is a very famous pop musician all over the world.

他是闻名世界的摇滚乐歌手。

典例精讲

1.I’ m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ been very busy _____ the past couple of weks.

A.beyond B. with C. among D. over

2.The plane has just flown ____ my head.

A. on B. over C. above D. at

3.There is a bridge ____ the river.

A. on B. at C. below D. over

4.Let’s discuss the problem _______ a bottle of wine.

A. over B. during C. for D. upon

答案和解析

1.答案D

【解析】通过前半句“I ‘ve been very busy”现在完成时,可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”,固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks =in the past couple of weeks ”。句【翻译】很抱歉没给你打电话,可是这几个星期我一直很忙

2.答案:B

【翻译】飞机刚刚飞过我的头顶。

3.答案:C

【翻译】河上有座桥。

4.答案 A

【翻译】让我们边喝葡萄酒边讨论这个问题。

# 上上下下用法 | “under”

从猫猫图中可以看到小猫从栏杆的下面跑过去,所以under的含义是“在……下跨越”。 1、动词词组

go under

【直译】走下去

【释义】沉没;失败,破产 ((商行) 倒闭; (项目) 失败)

【例句】The firm has gone under.

这家商号破产了。

2、 名词词组

under control

【直译】在控制的下面

【释义】被控制住

【例句】If you have diabetes, keep your blood sugar under control.

如果你有糖尿病,控制好你的血糖

under discussion

【直译】在讨论之下

【释义】在讨论中

【例句】This information bears strongly on the matter under discussion.

这消息对正在讨论中的事情产生很大影响。

under pressure

【直译】在压力下

【释义】在压力下

【例句】He refused to give the document up, even under pressure.

即使受到压力,他仍拒绝交出文件。

3、习语

under the weather

【直译】在天气之下(死记硬背)

【释义】身体不舒服

【例句】Can we make it a little later?I feel under the weather.

我们可以晚一点约会吗? 我不太舒服。

underneath

1 .表示位置

e.g. The device exploded underneath a van.

(这个设备在货车底下爆炸了。)

2 .表示衣服

e.g. What have you got underneath your shirt?

(你衬衫里面的是什么?)

3 .表示权力

e.g. They lived underneath a tyranny.

(他们生活在一种暴政之下。)

beneath

1 .表示位置

e.g. She found pleasure in playing beneath the tree.

(她发现在树下玩有意思。)

2 .情绪

e.g. Beneath the festive mood is an underlying apprehension.

(在节日的心情之下是一种潜藏的焦虑。)

  • 句子解析:完全倒装。所以原本的句子是:

An underlying apprehension is beneath the festive mood.

完全倒装<—以谓语部分为不变的“轴”,谓语前面的部分调换到谓语后方,原本在谓语后方的部分调换到谓语前方。一般是解决原句子“头重脚轻”的问题或者前调句首部分内容。

3 .职位

e.g. A captain is beneath a major.

(上尉低于少校。)

  1. 名词词组

beneath sb's dignity

【直译】在某人的尊严之下

【释义】有失身份

【例句】His behavior is beneath his dignity.

他的行为有失身份

beneath sb's notice

【直译】 在某人的注意力之下

【释义】被认为不值得注意的

【例句】Peter's making trouble out of nothing is beneath our notice.

彼得的无理取闹不值得我们注意。

典例精讲

We lay down ____ a tree to rest.

A. under B. over C. above D. below

答案:A

【解释】我们躺在树下休息

# 上上下下用法 | “up”

我们可以看到猫猫图中的小猫大拇指向上,所以up是“朝上”的含义。它也可以引申为“沿着”、“直到”、“适合”的意思。

1、动词词组

add up

【直译】加上

【释义】加算,合计(把…加起来 合乎情理 积少成多 )

【例句】He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.

他把每块石头的重量记录出来,然后加在一起。

get up to

【直译】到上面去

【释义】赶上;胜过;读到

【例句】What page have you got up to ?

你读到第几页了?

give oneself up

【直译】把自己放弃了

【释义】自首,投案,投降

【例句】After two hour’s recalibration, the criminal decided to give himself up.

经过两个小时的顽抗犯罪决定投降

2、习语

up and down

【直译】上上下下

【释义】上上下下,前前后后

【例句】The pop singer jumped on the stage up and down.

    那位流行歌手上下跳在舞台。

【直译】困难到一定程度因为钱

【释义】缺钱,手头紧

【例句】He is always hard up for money.

他永远手头紧。

典例精讲

1.We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all _____.

A.given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up

2.American Indians ______ about five percent of the U.S population.

A.fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up

3.Practicing Chinese Kung fu can not only ______ one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.

A.bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up

答案和解析

1.答案C

【解析】句意;“我们努力寻找一张能容纳七个人吃饭的桌子”,但是它们都被占用了。A.泄露;赠送;B.“远离……”;C.举起,占据,从事;D.用完,用尽,耗尽所以选C

2.答案:C

【解析】根据句意“美洲印第安人占美国人口的5%”A.填充;B.培养,抚养C.占据;D.建立;所以答案选C

3.答案:C

【解析】根据句意:“练中国功夫不但能增强体质,还能培养一个人的品质”build up one’s strength 是指增强体力,所以答案选C

# 上上下下用法 | “upon”

1、词组

once upon a time

【直译】曾经在一段时间之上

【释义】很久以前

【例句】Once upon a time there lived in a country a do-gooder.

从前,在一个国家里,有一位做了无数善事的善心者。

look down upon

【直译】往下看到…的上面

【释义】瞧不起

【例句】You shouldn't look down upon him because he is poor.

你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。

upon my word

【直译】在我说的话之上

【释义】的确,我发誓

【例句】Upon my word I cannot exactly explain the matter; Darcy must speak for himself.

我发誓我无法确切地解释这件事;Darcy必须为他自己辩解。

# 里里外外用法

我们可以看到猫猫图中的小猫要进到盒子里面了。in表示进,to表示去,那么进去就是“进入……的里面”。它引申出“撞进(对象)”、“进入……状态”、“变成”等意思。i

1、动词词组

break into

【直译】打破进去

【释义】闯入, 破门而入(强行闯入, 突然开始 (做某事))

【例句】They broke into an office so that Jack could use the phone.

他们闯入了一间办公室,以便于杰克需要使用电话。

bring / carry into effect

【直译】带进去效果

【释义】使生效,使起作用

【例句】To carry the policy into effect, a lot of money was needed.

要使新政策生效,需要大量金钱。

【例句】Therefore, an entrepreneur should attach great importance to brand strategy and bring it into effect.

企业家应当十分重视并且组织实施品牌战略。

bump into

【直译】撞进去

【释义】撞击;撞见,偶然碰见(碰见)

【例句】It's not hard to bump into furniture.

走在这间屋子里,很难不撞到家具。

burst into

【直译】爆发进去

【释义】闯入;突然发作(突然 (哭、笑、唱) 起来,突然进入 (某种状态) )

【例句】All at once, she burst into tears.

突然她哭得像个泪人儿似的。

lay into

【直译】躺下进入(死记硬背)

【释义】痛打,鞭打;痛斥,攻击(猛烈攻击)

【例句】She used to lay into Gareth about how much he spent.

她以前常常责备加雷思花钱如何如何厉害。

典例精讲

1.Fred entered without knocking and,very out of breath,sank a chair.

A. on B. off C. into D.to

2.The matter is very important and we must look ___it.

A. to B. into C. on D. of

  1. The other day the man jumped ____ the river to save the child.

A. in B. into C. on D. over

答案和解析

  1. 答案 C

【解析】 句意为:弗雷德没敲门就进来了,上气不接下气地坐在了椅子上。sink into a chair颓然坐在椅子上。

  1. 【解析】b look into调查

  2. 答案B

2.介词·里里外外 “out of”

1、名词词组

out of employment

【直译】从就业中出来

【释义】失业

【例句】John has been out of employment for two years.

John已经失业两年了。

out of debt

【直译】从债里出来

【释义】不欠债

【例句】He will be never out of debt to anybody.

他将欠所有人的债。

out of breath

【直译】从呼吸中出来

【释义】喘不过气来上气不接下气

【例句】Why aren't you out of breath?

为什么你一点儿也不气喘?

2、动词词组

blow out

【直译】吹出来

【释义】吹熄(灯火等) (吹灭)

【例句】Blow out all the candles.

吹熄所有的蜡烛。

break out

【直译】裂开并出来

【释义】(战争等)爆发;逃出 ((战争、殴斗、疾病等) 爆发,逃出 (监狱) , 摆脱 (沉闷的处境、常规))

【例句】Fighting broke out between demonstrators and the police.

示威者和警察之间发生了冲突。

burn out

【直译】燃烧完了

【释义】烧坏;烧尽,筋疲力尽 ((因长期使用或过热)烧坏)

【例句】The hotel was completely burnt out. Only the walls remained.

饭店除了墙壁完全被烧尽。

典例精讲

1.At the rail way station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ______

A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place

2.The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home.

A. out of question   B. out of order   C. out of sight  D. out of place

3.We have run ____ food.

A. over B. inside C. outside D. out of

答案和解析

  1. 答案A。

【解析】out of sight “视线之外”;out of reach “够不到”;out of order“除故障”out of place“不在原地”

2.答案D

【解析】句意为:这套家具款式新潮,色泽明丽与新式房屋和花园配套,但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D为与….不对称,符合题意。A为毫无疑问;B为顺序颠倒;C为看不见

  1. 【解析】run out of food表示吃完食物的意思,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】我们已经吃完了食物

3.介词·里里外外 “inside”

1、其他词组

inside of

【直译】在…的里面

【释义】在…之内;少于

【例句】Because the experience happens inside of us.

因为这个体验是发生我们自身内部。

on the inside

【直译】在内心上

【释义】在里面;在内心;知道内情

【例句】The environment that really matters is on the inside, he said.

他给出解释,原来真正起作用的是生命的内部环境。

inside out

【直译】从里到外

【释义】彻底地;里面翻到外面

【例句】We know each other inside out.

我们对彼此都了如指掌。

4.介词·里里外外 “outside”

outside与out of的区别在于out of表示出去,一个动作,outside表示在外面,是一个相对静止的状态。

1、 其他词组

on the outside

【直译】在…的外面上

【释义】在外面;外部地

【例句】Everybody knows how astounding it is on the outside. The inside is just as glorious.

每个人都知道外面多令人惊异,里面同样是闪耀无比的

go outside

【直译】走出去

【释义】外出;往外走

【例句】Go outside houses, walk around, look at people, look at nature, think about your day and your life and the people in it.

走出房子,散散步,看看周围的人,看看大自然,想象在你生命中,在你的每一天和你有交集的人们。

典例精讲

  1. Please wait ________ the office. Don’t come in until you are called.

A.in B. into C. inside D. outside

答案D

  1. Can you see some people are waiting _______ the library?

Yes, They are standing in a queue in front of its gate.

A. around         B. inside            C. outside

答案D

5.介词·里里外外 “within”

1、其他词组

fall within

【直译】落在…范围内

【释义】属于;该当,适合

【例句】Audio books present the ideal solution to learners who fall within these three categories.

有声书本为那些属于这三类的读者提供了理想的解决方法。

within reason

【直译】在理智的范围内

【释义】理智的; 合理的

【例句】I will sell the house at a price within reason.

我将以合理的价格出售这幢房子。

within sight of

【直译】在视力的范围内

【释义】能看见(在眼前;快到)

【例句】We are now within sight of the shore.

我们现在的距离能看见海岸了。

典例精讲

1.Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams.

A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon

2.——I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good idea?

——How about the Moon Lake? It is _____ easy reach of the city.

A.by B. beyond C. within D. from

3.According to the contract, we have to finish this project ___ a month.

A. throughout B. across C. at D. within

答案和解析

  1. 答案C

【解析】C。beyond “超出……范围”。Beyond her wildest dreams 意为“无论如何也想不到”

  1. 答案C

【解析】A. by表“通过;经由;在附近;在……之前”;B. beyond表“超过;在……的那一边”;C. within 表“在……之内”;D. from表“来自;从…..起”。由题干中的关键信息a nearby place 可知,要推进离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词within easy reach of意思是“在……附近,距离…不远”所以为正确选项。

  1. 答案D

【解析】根据句意表示在一个月内完成工程,所以用within;throughout表示“遍及”,across表示“穿越”,at表示在一个点,均不符合句意,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】根据合同,我们必须在一个月内完成这个项目。

6.介词·里里外外 “without”

1、其他词组

go without

【直译】没有…而走

【释义】没有 ... 也行(得不到; 不做)

【例句】She went without sleep for three days.

她三天没睡觉了。

without fail

【直译】没有失败

【释义】必定; 一定

【例句】He writes every week without fail.

他每周必定写信。

without more ado

【直译】没有更多的麻烦

【释义】立即;干脆

【例句】He paid up without any more ado.

他不再啰嗦就付了钱。

典例精讲

1.A fish can't live ____ water.

A. with B. at C. in D. without

2.He won’t be able to pay for the expensive car ______ his father’s help.

A.until B.except C.unless D.without

3.—Director,Jack is ill,so he can’t be here.

—Then we’ll have no choice but to give the performance _______ him.

A.except for B. apart from C. except D. without

4.A serious study of physics is impossible ______ some knowledge of mathematics.

A.against B. before C. beyond D. without

5.Would you like to go ____ to have dinner?

A. over B. inside C. outside D. out of

答案和解析

  1. 答案 D

2.答案 D

  1. 答案 D

4.答案 D

【解析】句意为,不掌握一定的数学知识是没有办法对物理学进行系统地研究。Without没有,缺乏,符合题意

  1. 答案C

【解析】根据句意,出去吃晚饭应该是go outside,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】你想要出去吃晚饭吗?

7.介词·里里外外 “between”

1、名词词组

connection between

【直译】两者之间的联系

【释义】关系;连接;联系( 在…中间, 于…之间 在…之间)

【例句】Absolutely no connection between them.

这两者之间没有关系。

between times

【直译】在两个时段之间

【释义】有时候,偶尔(在间歇期间地)

【例句】I play football in my spare time between times.

我偶尔在业余时间踢足球。

go-between

【直译】走到中间

【释义】调停;中间人(中间人)

【例句】The Science and Technology Association served the function of a go-between .

科学技术协会发挥了中间人的作用.

2、动词词组

come between

【直译】来到谁的中间

【释义】离间;分开;妨碍;妨碍某人做某事( 妨碍)

【例句】Don't let a little thing like that come between you two.

不要让这种小事影响你们两人之间的关系。

stand between

【直译】站在…某人之间

【释义】站在; 位于 ... 中间 设法阻止; 阻挡

【例句】The examination of his motives for decreasing exports might stand between him and his promotion.

对他减少出口动机的调查,可能会影响到他的晋升。

3、习语

between you and me

【直译】我和你之间

【释义】只限于咱俩之间;我们之间的秘密

【例句】Just between you and me, I cheated on yesterday's exam.

这是我们之间的秘密,我昨天考试作弊了

betwixt and between

【直译】在中间和在中间

【释义】在中间(的);模棱两可(的),两者之间(的)

【例句】That's strange creature; it looks somewhere betwixt and between a horse and a dog.

那个动物真奇怪,它看上去既非狗又非马, 介于两者之间。

in between

【直译】在两者之间

【释义】在中间

【例句】I reached for the leash, but the dog got in between.

我伸手去拿系狗绳, 但被狗挡住了路。

典例精讲

1.There is a railway ____ these two cities.

A. between B. among C. in D. at

2.Some students often listen to music _______ classes to refresh themselves.

A.between B. among C. over D. during

3.Many girl students like to go rope jumping to get warm _______ classes when it turns cold.

A.in B. between C. during D. among

4.If you let me make a choice Jane and Anne,I would say Jane is one to be my assistant.

A. between; the best B. from; the best C. between; the better D. from; the better

5.—Guess, how much does it cost?

  —I think it costs ____ 15 and 20 dollars. 

A. from B. between C. among D. with

6.She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950.

A. between B. during C. in D. since

答案和解析:

  1. 答案A

  2. 答案 A

【解析】 between用于两者之间,也可指多个事物中的两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上。“课间”是指两节课之间,因此应用between。

  1. 答案 B

4.答案 C

  1. 解析】根据句意,在15到20之间,也是介于这两个钱数之间,所以用between,故正确答案为B.

  2. 【解析】根据句意,在1940-1950年间,是介于这两个年份之间,所以用between,故正确答案为A.

【翻译】1940年至1950年间,她住在山村。

8.介词·里里外外 “during”

1、其他词组

during probation

【直译】在试用期期间

【释义】试用期间

【例句】How to pay wages during probation period?

试用期工资如何支付?

during day

【直译】白天期间

【释义】在白天

【例句】You would be able to breathe fresh air, even though it is a bit hot during day time.

白天,即使温度高一点,也能闻到空气的清爽。

典例精讲

1.—When did it begin to snow?

—It started ____ the night.

A. during B. by C. from D. at

2.I’m afraid I give you a lot of trouble _______ my stay here.

A.in B. for C. during D. on

3.He was ill _____ a week, and ______ the week he ate almost nothing.

A.for / at B. for / during C. during /during D. for / for

4.___ this two-month vacation, I travelled to the UK.

A. in B. at C. between D. during

答案和解析:

  1. 答案 A

  2. 答案 C

3.答案 B

4.【解析】假期期间用during,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】在这两个月的假期里我去了英国。

9.词·里里外外 “through”

1、动词词组

see through

【直译】看穿

【释义】 识破、 看穿(看穿; 识破)

【例句】 Nobody saw through his disguise.

没有人识破他的伪装。

break through

【直译】打破穿过

【释义】 突破, 冲垮; 突围(冲破 (障碍), 获得成功)

【例句】 After hours of fierce fighting, rebels broke through the lines and captured the capital.

经过数小时激烈的战争, 叛乱者突破了防线并且占领了首都。

breeze through

【直译】轻易地通过

【释义】 轻松地做

【例句】 He breezed through the exam.

他轻松地通过了考试。

2、习语

through and through

【直译】穿过and穿过

【释义】完全,彻底;彻头彻尾地

【例句】I am a dog person through and through, but I think caring for an animal of any kind helps people develop compassion for other living things.

我完全是名爱狗人士,但我认为照顾任何一种动物都会帮助人们对其他事物同情心的发展。

once through

【直译】一次穿过

【释义】单程的;一次性的

【例句】The instructions say to do these once through, ten times a day。

训练说明:按照顺序做一遍,一天做10遍。

典例精讲

1.The brochure guides you________ the whole process of buying a house.

A.through   B.across  C.over    D.past

答案 A

【翻译】这本小册子指导你买房子的整个过程。

2.We’re looking forward to the holidays when we’ll be travelling _______ camels ______ the

Sahara Desert.

A.by; across B. by; through C. on; over D. on; through

答案 D

【翻译】我们期待着假期,届时我们将骑着骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠。

3.Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.

through B. up C. with D.from

答案A

【解析】一年中,毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。

Bill kicked the ball too hard, and it went _______ the street _______ one of Mr. Smith’s windows.

A.Across / on B. through / on C. across / through D. to / through

答案 C

4.—Excuse me? Could you please tell me where is the nearest inn here?

—Go ____ the forest and _____ the foot of mountain you will

    find it.

A. across; on B. through; on C. through; at D. across; at

【解析】穿过森林用go through,而在山脚下是一个点,用at,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】-打扰一下?请问最近的客栈在哪里?

    -穿过森林,在山脚下你会找到它。

5.Go ____ the gate and you’ll find the entrance ____ the park

____ the other side.

A. through; to; on       B. along; of; on         

C. down; to; at           D. up; of; by

【解析】穿过这扇门用go through;对于这个公园的入口用to;而在另一边上用on the other side,故正确答案为A.

【翻译】穿过大门,你会发现公园的入口在另一边。

6.The young men walked ______ the forest and came to a big river at last.

A. on B. over C. through D. across

【解析】根据句意,穿过森林应该用through the forest,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】年轻人穿过森林,最后来到一条大河。

答案和解析:

  1. 答案 A

【翻译】这本小册子指导你买房子的整个过程。

2.答案 D

【翻译】我们期待着假期,届时我们将骑着骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠。

3.答案A

【解析】一年中,毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。

Bill kicked the ball too hard, and it went _______ the street _______ one of Mr. Smith’s windows.

A.Across / on B. through / on C. across / through D. to / through

答案 C

4.【解析】穿过森林用go through,而在山脚下是一个点,用at,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】-打扰一下?请问最近的客栈在哪里?

    -穿过森林,在山脚下你会找到它。

5.【解析】穿过这扇门用go through;对于这个公园的入口用to;而在另一边上用on the other side,故正确答案为A.

【翻译】穿过大门,你会发现公园的入口在另一边。

6.【解析】根据句意,穿过森林应该用through the forest,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】年轻人穿过森林,最后来到一条大河。

10.介词·里里外外 “across”

1、动词词组

put across

【直译】一放就横穿过去

【释义】圆满完成; 解释清楚(描述清楚; 解释明白)

【例句】He knew how to put his ideas across.

他知道该怎样把他的想法解释清楚。

get across

【直译】到达横穿过

【释义】通过(渡过;被人了解)(被理解; 把…讲清楚)

【例句】The bridge was blown up, so we couldn't get across.

桥被炸毁了,所以我们无法过去。

come across

【直译】横穿过来

【释义】碰到;遇到;无意中发现;被理解(偶然发现; 偶然遇见, 留下印象)

【例句】We've just come across an old friend.

我们刚碰到了一位老朋友。

2、名词词组

across the board

【直译】穿过这个甲板

【释义】包括所有人在内

【例句】It is very cold outside; you'd better come indoors across the board.

外面很冷, 你们所有人最好都进屋.

across the way

【直译】穿过这个道路

【释义】在对面

【例句】There is a bus stop across the way.

街对面有一个公共汽车站。

3、习语

across from

【直译】从…穿过去

【释义】在…对面

【例句】I looked up at my friend sitting across from me.

我抬头看向坐在我对面的朋友。

典例精讲

1.How could you lose so much money?” Charlie asked his wife, eyeing her angrily from _______ the kitchen table.

A.at B.across C.through D.on

2.—I can’t understand him well.

—He’s not very good at getting his meaning ________.

A.off B.across C.up D.down

3.We met an old friend in New York ____our expectation. She waved at us ____ the street when she saw us.

A. with, in B. out of; next to C. in; out of D. beyond, from across

4.Do you think this shirt is too tight ______ the shoulders?

A.at B. on C. to D. across

There are so many cars on the road! You should obey the traffic rules and go ___the zebra.

A. cross B. across C. through D, around

答案和解析

1.答案:B

2.答案 B

3.答案 D

4.答案D

解释:句意你认为这件衬衫肩太紧吗?across the shoulders在肩部(从一肩到另一肩)

  1. 答案B

【解析】zebra是斑马线的意思,斑马线是一个平面,穿越一个平面用across,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】路上有那么多车!你应该遵守交通规则走斑马线。

11.介词·里里外外 “throughout”

1、其他词组

throughout history

【直译】遍及历史

【释义】有史以来;纵观历史;贯穿历史

【例句】Throughout history people have built their cities around water resources, often on rivers or natural harbors.

纵观历史,人们在有水资源的地方通常是在河边或海港边建起了城市。

throughout the length and breadth

【直译】遍及长与宽

【释义】四面八方;到处;遍及

【例句】The flowers spread their fragrance throughout the length and breadth.

花儿的芳香散发到四面八方。

throughout the day

【直译】遍及这个日子

【释义】整天; 终日

【例句】The rain continued throughout the day.

雨整天下个不停。

典例精讲

  1. Yesterday we kept working _____ the night, so are very tired now.

A.during B. for C. over D. throughout

答案 D

  1. Xiaoming won the first prize in a maths contest, soon the news was know ______ the school.

A.In B. past C. over D. throughout

答案 D

答案和解析

  1. 答案 D

  2. 答案 D

12.介词·里里外外 “among/amongst”

1、其他词组

among the number

【直译】在这个数字当中

【释义】在其中

【例句】The old waiter who had served him was among the number.

服侍过他的那个老侍者便是其中之一。

rank among

【直译】在等级之中

【释义】跻身于…;属于…之列

【例句】I think Ba Jin ranks among the greatest writers.

我认为巴金可以被列入最伟大作家的行列。

be among the missing

【直译】在失踪人名单里

【释义】在战场上失踪,缺席

【例句】It may also be among the missing something.

这之间可能还缺少一些东西。

典例精讲

1.Where is tom? You can find him ______ the boys over there.

A. by B. between C. among D. into

答案C

2.The small town lies _______ the three mountains.

A. among B. inside C. into D. between

答案A

3.There is a small house _______ the trees.

A. In B. through C. among D. around

答案C

4.That family are always quarreling _______ themselves.

A. within B. with C. between D. among

答案D

5.The money was divided ______ the three robbers.

A. between B. on C. among D. for

答案C

6.English is widely used for business____ different countries.

A. between B. to C. for D. among

【解析】between是介于……之间,to是对,for是因为,among是在……之间,根据句意,在不同国家之间,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】英语在不同国家的商务活动中被广泛使用。

答案和解析

1.答案C

2.答案A

3.答案C

4.答案D

5.答案C

6.答案D

【解析】between是介于……之间,to是对,for是因为,among是在……之间,根据句意,在不同国家之间,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】英语在不同国家的商务活动中被广泛使用。

13.介词 · 里里外外 “amid/amidst”

1、名词词组

amidst gunfire

【直译】在枪火包围中

【释义】枪林弹雨(炮火)

【例句】His pilot took off amidst a volley of gunfire but, confused by the hectic events of the moment, threw the wrong switch, sending the plane into a nose dive.

驾驶员在枪林弹雨中起飞,但情形混乱,令他手足无措,错扳了开关,让这架飞机俯冲下来。

amidst rain

【直译】被雨所包围

【释义】烟雨蒙蒙

【例句】The airliner landed amidst the drizzling rain.

这架客机在蒙蒙细雨中降落。

典例精讲

1.Children were changing classrooms ____ laughter and shouts.

A. among B. amid C. into D. between

答案和解析

【解析】根据句意,在欢笑和叫声的包围中,孩子们换教室。amid是被……包围的意思,而among是表示一群中,into表示进到欢笑中了,between表示介于欢笑中,均不符合句意,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】孩子们在笑声和叫喊声中换教室。

# 前后左右用法

1、动词词组

get behind

【直译】到…的后面

【释义】支持;落后;识破

【例句】And if you get behind, it's a struggle.

如果你落后了,就得努力赶上。

【例句】Now that is a protest Chinese patriots can get behind!

如今这是中国爱国主义者支持的抗议活动啊!

leave behind

【直译】留在…的后面

【释义】留下; 遗留(永远离开,留下,落后 )

【例句】I really hate to leave all these behind.

我真的很不甘心遗留下这一切。

2、其他词组

behind schedule

【直译】晚于日程表

【释义】晚于预定时间(或计划);落后于进度

【例句】We`re already behind schedule with it.

我们已经落后于预期计划了.

from behind

【直译】从…后面

【释义】从…后面

【例句】She didn’t find me until I called her from behind.

直到我从后面叫她之后,她才发现了我。

典例精讲:

1.Parents always warn their children not to fall ____ in study.

A. past B. after C. before D. behind

2.Olive hid __ the tree.

A. behind B. on C. under D. over

3.—I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _______.

A. off B. out C. behind D. over

4.The bartender walked out ______ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.

A. from behind B. of C. from D. from under

5.Everyone in the class studied very hard since no one wanted to _____

A. fall down B. fall off C. fall behind D. fall out

  1. I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.

A. after, on          B. after, with        C. behind, in        D. behind, at

答案和解析

  1. 【解析】根据句意,表示父母总是警告孩子不要在学习上落后,所以应该是fall behind,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】父母总是警告他们的孩子不要在学习上落后。

2.【解析】根据句意,Olive藏在树后,所以应该用behind,故正确答案为A.

【翻译】Olive藏在树后。 —Are you going to have a holiday this year?

3.答案 C

【翻译】我很乐意。我等不及要离开这个地方了。

  1. 答案 A

  2. 答案 C

2.介词·前后左右 “before”

  1. 表示时间

e.g. My husband rarely comes to bed before 2 or 3am.

(我的丈夫很少在2、3点以前上床睡觉。)

  1. 表示职位

e.g. He spent his early life in Sri Lanka before moving to England.

(他在搬到英格兰之前在斯里兰卡度过了前半生。)

  1. 表示位置

e.g. They drove through a tall iron gate and stopped before a large white villa.

(他们开车穿过一道高大的铁门并且在一幢白色的别墅前停了下来。)

  1. 表示比较

e.g. Her husband, her children, and the Church came before her needs.

(她的丈夫、孩子和教堂排在她自己的需求之前。)

1、 动词词组

lay before

【直译】放在…前面

【释义】提出;将……放于……前面

【例句】His proposal has been laid before the board of directors.

他的建议已经递交董事会了。

go before

【直译】到…前面去

【释义】居先;走在前面(之前发生; 之前被讨论)

【例句】I was the first to go before the judge.

我是第一个被带到法官面前的人。

put before

【直译】把…放到前面

【释义】在……之前安置; 在……之前放 ;先于……放

【例句】He is so nearsighted that he can just see the things put before his eyes.

他的眼睛近视得厉害, 放到眼底下才看得清。

2、其他词组

than before

【直译】比以前

【释义】比以前

【例句】I think I should work harder than before.

我想我要比以前更加努力学习。

as before

【直译】像以前

【释义】如以前;依然;如初

【例句】To keep on as before.

要继续像以前那样。

before long

【直译】很久以前(习语死记硬背)

【释义】不久以后

【例句】He was no longer sad because he would see his daughter before long.

他不再沮丧了,因为他不久以后将见到自己的女儿。

典例精讲

1.The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ___ he

realized it.

A. when B. until C. after D. before

2.It will take five months ____ those scientists solve this academic puzzle.

A. after B. behind C. past D. before

3.The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.

A. before B. until C. as D. since

答案和解析

1.答案:D【解析】根据句意,在他意识到这件事前,他已经读了三个小时的书了,所以应该用before,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】在他意识到这本书非常有趣之前,他已经读了三个小时了。

2.答案:D【解析】根据句意,科学家解决难题之前需要五个月,所以应该用before,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】这些科学家需要五个月才能解决这个学术难题。

  1. 答案:A

【解析】根据 “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened ”的发生先后,可以得出答案。句子的含义是:女孩还没来得及按门铃,门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。

3.介词·前后左右 “after”

1、动词词组

get after

【直译】到…后面去

【释义】督促,训诫;责备

【例句】My mother got after me to practice playing the piano.

母亲每天督促我练习钢琴。

seek after

【直译】在后面搜寻

【释义】寻找;探索;追求

【例句】Human never stopped seeking after goodness .

人类从未停止过对美的追求。

ask after

【直译】在后面问

【释义】询问,问候 (问候(某人的)健康)

【例句】I spoke to James today. He was asking after you.

我今天和James讲话时,他问起了你。

典例精讲:

  1. I’ll leave Changsha for Beijing ______ a week, while my brother will leave Beijing for Changsha ______ our National Day.

A. in; in B. after; in C. after; after D. in; after

  1. —When will you leave for Paris for a visit?

— _______ next month.

A. Until B. After C. At D. In

  1. As a reward _____ his contribution _____ botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named _____ him.

A. for; to; after B. for; for; by C. for; for; after D. of; to; for

答案和解析

  1. 答案 D

【翻译】我将在一周内离开长沙去北京,而我哥哥将在国庆日后离开北京去长沙。

  1. 答案 B

【翻译】-你什么时候动身去巴黎旅游?

-下个月之后。

  1. 答案 A

【翻译】作为对植物学贡献的奖励,约瑟夫·班克斯有一朵以他的名字命名的花。

4.介词·前后左右 “past”

1、动词词组

brush past

【直译】擦过

【释义】擦过

【例句】 She brushed past me without making any comment.

她从我身边经过,什么话都没说。

go past

【直译】走过

【释义】经过;路过

【例句】Walk two blocks down the street and go past the city hall.

顺这条街走两个街区,路过市政厅

live in the past

【直译】 活在过去

【释义】因循守旧;按旧章程办事

【例句】Don't live in the past, but move on from past mistakes and difficult situations.

不要生活在过去中,而是从过去的错误和困难情形中总结并向前走。

典例精讲:

Mike must be angry with me, for he walked _________ me without even saying hello.

A.past B.on C.at D. over

答案解析

答案:A

【翻译】迈克一定是生我的气了,因为他从我身边走过,连个招呼都没有说。

5.介词·前后左右 “near”

1、其他词组

near by

【直译】靠在附近

【释义】接近;在…附近(在附近,附近的)

【例句】I knew no one near by, nor could I find my way about.

附近的人我一个也不认识,我也不认得路

come near

【直译】来靠近

【释义】走近;险些;可与…相比(多用于否定句)

【例句】Their dog was so fierce that no one dared to come near it.

他们的狗太凶猛了,所以没有敢靠近它。

near at hand

【直译】在手边附近

【释义】在手边,在附近

【例句】She is one of the famous leading actresses in Hollywood. Fame and fortune is near at hand.

她是好莱坞的一线女星,名和利触手可及。

典例精讲:

My house is ___ the lake.

A. before B. on C. near D. along

答案和解析

答案C

【解析】根据句意,在湖边应该用near the lake,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】我家在湖边。

6.介词·前后左右 “beside”

1、其他词组

beside point

【直译】在…点旁边

【释义】离题的,不相干的

【例句】But I think that the debate is largely beside the point.

但我认为,这样的辩论在很大程度上不得要领。

set beside

【直译】设置在边上

【释义】跟 ... 相比

【例句】No one can set beside him.

没有人能和他相比。

stand beside

【直译】站在边上

【释义】站在旁边;支持

【例句】I want you to stand beside me and hold the torch.

我要你拿着手电筒站在我旁边。

典例精讲:

Come and sit __ me.

A. at B. beside C. on D. besides

答案和解析

【解析】根据句意,坐在我旁边用sit beside me,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】来坐在我旁边。

7.介词·前后左右 “along”

1、其他词组

come along

【直译】沿着…来

【释义】出现;一起来;陪伴;进步(一起来,偶然出现; 不期而至,在进展)

【例句】She wants to come along with us to the movie.

她想跟我们一起去看电影。

get along

【直译】沿着…到一个地方

【释义】与…和睦相处;进展;(使)前进(与…和睦相处);

【例句】They get along quite well.

他们俩处得很好。

go along with

【直译】和…沿着一块直走

【释义】赞同;陪…一起去(遵从,赞同)

【例句】l’ll go along with you on this one.

在这一点上我同意你的看法。

典例精讲:

1.In order to move ____ our destination, we have to walk _____ this unpaved path.

A. past; along B. near; across

C. towards; along D. away from; through

2.Sean has formed the habit of jogging ________ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.

A. between B. along C. below D. with

3.Cars and buses travel ________ the road to the town.

A. on B. along C. in D. by

答案和解析

  1. 【解析】根据句意,朝着目标移动,用move towards;沿着路走应该用along,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】为了走向目的地,我们必须沿着这条没有铺好的路走。

  1. 答案:B

【解析】根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”,表示“沿着”时,应该选B。

  1. 答案B

【翻译】汽车和公共汽车沿着通往城镇的道路行驶。

8.介词·前后左右 “alongside”

1、其他词组

fall in alongside

【直译】掉进里边和…肩并肩

【释义】参加正在进行的人

【例句】As I was going to the shops, this man fell in alongside me, trying to make conversation.

我在去商店的路上,这个男人过来和我一起走,想和我搭话。

alongside with

【直译】和…一起并肩

【释义】与 ... 一起 除 ... 以外

【例句】When you were here alongside with me, my heart wasn't on you.

你在的时候,我的心不在你身边。

come alongside

【直译】沿着…并肩过来

【释义】傍靠,靠过来,并排

【例句】Come alongside the starboard(右舷) side, please.

请向右舷靠过来。

9.介词·前后左右 “toward(s)”

1、其他词组

go toward

【直译】朝...方向走去

【释义】朝...方向走去

【例句】Every day I make an effort to go toward what I don't understand.

每天我都努力走向我没有弄懂的东西。

look toward

【直译】朝着…看

【释义】期待; 指向; 往 ... 看去;

【例句】You don’t live in the past. You live in the present and look toward the future.

人不能总活在过去,要把握现在向前看。

make toward

【直译】朝着…做出

【释义】向…延伸;向…前进

【例句】I want to know why he hasn't even tried to make suggestions toward me.

我想要知道他为什么没有甚至尝试对于我提出建议。

典例精讲:

1.It is reported that the sand storm is moving ___ the south year after year.

A. towards B. for C. past D. near

2.In order to move ____ our destination, we have to walk _____ this unpaved path.

A. past; along B. near; across

C. towards; along D. away from; through

3.When the little boy saw a ball , he was so happy that he ran ______ it.

A. up B. at C. towards D. into

答案和解析

1.【解析】根据句意,沙尘暴应该是朝着南方运动,所以应该用towards,故正确答案为A.

【翻译】据报道,沙尘暴正逐年向南移动。

2.【解析】根据句意,朝着目标移动,用move towards;沿着路走应该用along,故正确答案为C.

【翻译】为了走向目的地,我们必须沿着这条没有铺好的路走。

3.答案 C

【翻译】当小男孩看到一个球时,他非常高兴,朝球跑去。

10.介词· ing结尾 “including”

including 的表意:包括…在内

e.g. Stars including Joan Collins are expected to attend.

包括Joan Collings在内的明星们预计会出席。

including all

【直译】包括所有在内

【释义】包括一切(包括)

【例句】The application is designed as a whole in all of its completeness, including all of the possible exception situations.

应用程序作为一个整体完全地被设计,包括所有可能的异常状况

11.介词· ing结尾 “excluding”

e.g. Excluding water, half of the body's weight is protein.

(不包括水分在内,体重的一半是蛋白质。)

excluding 的表意:不包括…在内;排除…

e.g. Excluding water, half of the body's weight is protein.

不包括水分在内,体重的一半是蛋白质。

12.介词· ing结尾 “following”

e.g. In the centuries following Christ's death, Christians genuinely believed the world was about to end.

(在耶稣死后的这些世界里,基督徒们真地相信世界即将终结。)

following 的表意:在…之后;随后

e.g. In the centuries following Christ's death, Christians genuinely believed the world was about to end.

在耶稣死后的这些世界里,基督徒们真地相信世界即将终结。

in the following

【直译】在随后

【释义】在下面;在下文中

【例句】What he means is what he says in the following clauses.

他的意思是他在下面这个从句中所说的东西。

immediately following

【直译】立即跟着

【释义】紧跟着;紧接着

【例句】One thing that was a bit strange occurs immediately following registration.

当你注册完后马上会碰到奇怪的事情。

介词 · ing结尾“ considering ”

13.介词· ing结尾 “considering”

e.g. The hostage is in remarkably good shape considering his ordeal.

(考虑到他的苦难经历,这位人质的身体条件相当不错。)

considering 的表意:考虑到…

e.g. The hostage is in remarkably good shape considering his ordeal.

考虑到他的苦难经历,这位人质的身体条件相当不错。

considering that

【直译】考虑到…

【释义】考虑到…,就…而论

【例句】Considering that you are no longer involved with this man, your response is a little extreme.

考虑到你已经与这个男人划清了界限,你的反应有一点儿过头。

介词 · ing结尾“ concerning ”

concerning 的表意:关于…=about

e.g. ...various questions concerning pollution and the environment.

关于污染和环境的各种问题

as concerning

【直译】作为关于

【释义】关于,至于

【例句】I speak as concerning reproach, as though we had been weak.

我说这话,是羞辱自己,好像我们从前是软弱的。

介词 · ing结尾“ regarding ”

regarding 的表意:关于…=concerning=about

e.g. She has said nothing regarding your request.

关于你的请求她没说什么。

# 党同伐异用法

up against

【直译】向上遇到反对

【释义】面临…的,面对…的,碰到(困难);遭到(反对)

【例句】The chairwoman is up against the greatest challenge to her position.

女主席正面临职位上的最大挑战。

over against

【直译】跨越相反

【释义】在…对面;正对着;与…相反;与…形成对照

【例句】He lived over against the temple.

他住在那寺庙的正对面.

as against

【直译】作为与…相反

【释义】与…相对照;比

【例句】We had twelve hours of sunshine yesterday, as against a forecast of continuous rain.

昨日有十二小时的晴天, 与预报说仍有雨相反.

典例精讲

1.Although _______ my opinion,the old professor didn’t come up with his own.

A. against B. on C. for D. in

2.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _______ a big tree.

A. in B. below C. beside D. against

3.My father warned me ________ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

A. by B. on C. for D. against

答案和解析

1.答案 A

【解析】本题考查介词。against one’s opinion反对某人的见解;介词on不与opinion搭配;for one’s opinion同意某人的见解;in one’s opinion在某人看来。由句意“虽然反对我的见解,但老教授却没提出自己 的见解。”可知应选A项。

  1. 答案:D

【解析】句意为:“累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。”against此处意为:“倚着,靠

着”;below“在……下方”;beside“在……旁边”;in“在……里面或(时间)……之后”。

3.答案:D.

【句意】我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,因为那里挤满了游客。

【解析】句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配,构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth, 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。

2.介词·党同伐异 “opposite”

opposite direction

【直译】相反的方向

【释义】相反方向;敌对方向

【例句】If it rains again tomorrow, start walking in the opposite direction.

如果明天再下雨的话,就请你往相反的方向走吧。

opposite side

【直译】相反面

【释义】对边;相对面

【例句】It's on the opposite side of City Hall.

在市政厅的对面。

just the opposite

【直译】正好相反

【释义】恰恰相反

【例句】The facts are just the opposite.;

事实恰恰相反。

典例精讲

-- Could you tell me how to get to Rainbow Book Store?

-- Get off at next station and then you’ll spot it ____ the box office of station.

A. about B. opposite C. from D. against

答案B

【解析】根据句意,opposite表示在……对面,其他三个选项均不符合句意,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】-你能告诉我怎么去彩虹书店吗?

    -在下一站下车然后你会发现它在车站票房对面。

3.介词·党同伐异 “like”

feel like

【直译】感觉像

【释义】想要(做某事)

【例句】Do you feel like you could do with a change?

你想不想改变一下?

or the like

【直译】或者像这类东西

【释义】诸如此类

【例句】This material is a not part of new expansions or the like.

这些素材不是扩建的一部分,也不是类似的东西.

like nothing on earth

【直译】不像地球上的东西

【释义】糟透了;异乎寻常的

【例句】You look like nothing on earth.

你看起来糟透了。

典例精讲

1.A poor boy ____ me couldn't go to school in the old days.

A. about B. as C. on D. like

2.He climbed the tree ______ a cat.

A. after B. as C. over D. like

答案和解析

1.答案D

【翻译】像我这样的穷孩子以前不能上学。

2.答案D

【翻译】他像猫一样爬树。

4.介词·党同伐异 “about”

1、动词词组

be about to

【直译】是关于去做…

【释义】 即将(做)

【例句】The chorus is about to sing.

合唱团要开始演出了。

complain about

【直译】抱怨关于…

【释义】抱怨

【例句】You have nothing to complain about, do you?

你没有什么不满吧,是吗?

see about

【直译】看关于…

【释义】考虑,查询;注意,处理;料理

【例句】Now I can't answer you, but I'll see about it.

现在我不能给你答复,不过我会加以考虑的。

2、形容词/副词词组

be cautious about

【直译】关于…是小心谨慎的

【释义】对……谨慎(仔细)

【例句】He is cautious about spending money.

他用钱谨慎。

be concerned about

【直译】关于…而担心

【释义】为……担心;关心,关注

【例句】We are very much concerned about his health.

我们十分担心他的健康。

【例句】I’m concerned about whether he has signed the contract.

我很关心他是否在合同上签了字。

典例精讲

  1. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _______ working here.

A. with B. over C. at D. about

答案D。

【解析】句意为:关于在这里工作,我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。about“有关,关于”,符合题意。

2 People have always been curious ________ how living things on the earth exactly began.

A.in B.at C. of D. about

答案 D

【解析】be curious about sth.对某事物感到好奇的。

  1. They argued ________each other _________ where to spend the golden week.
A. at; over            B. over; on           C. about; at          D. with; about

答案 D

【翻译】他们就黄金周在哪里度过争论不休。

  1. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _______ working here.

A. with B. over C. at D. about

2 People have always been curious ________ how living things on the earth exactly began.

A.in B.at C. of D. about

  1. They argued ________each other _________ where to spend the golden week.
A. at; over            B. over; on           C. about; at          D. with; about

答案和解析

1.答案D。

【解析】句意为:关于在这里工作,我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。about“有关,关于”,符合题意。

  1. 答案 D

【解析】be curious about sth.对某事物感到好奇的。

  1. 答案 D

【翻译】他们就黄金周在哪里度过争论不休。

5.介词·党同伐异 “around”

all around

【直译】周围所有的东西

【释义】周围;到处,四处

【例句】Look at the companies all around you.

看看这些你周围的公司。

around here

【直译】这个地方的周围

【释义】附近;在这周围

【例句】Could you recommend some good restaurants around here?

你能介绍几家附近的好餐馆吗?

round about

【直译】围绕在周围

【释义】大约( 迂回的,拐弯抹角的 )

【例句】It'll cost you round about £1000.

那要花掉你大约1000英镑.

典例精讲

1.________! There's a train coming.

A. Look out   B. Look around   C. Look forward   D. Look up

2.The train leaves at six o’clock, so I have to arrive at the station _____ 5:40.

A. beyond B. until C. since D. around

答案和解析

  1. 答案 B

【翻译】看附近有一列火车来了。

【解析】look around 是环顾四周

2.【解析】根据句意,A,B,C项语意不通,D项表示大约5;40,符合句意,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】火车六点开,所以我必须在五点四十分左右到达车站。

6.介词·党同伐异 “despite”

despite all that

【直译】尽管那所有

【释义】尽管如此

【例句】Yet despite all that, developing good listening skills continues to be a challenge for some people.

然而,尽管如此,培养良好的倾听能力对某些人来说依旧是一个挑战。

in spite of everything

【直译】尽管一切

【释义】尽管一切

【例句】'In spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart.

“尽管我经历这一切,我依然愿意相信人们还是善良的。”

典例精讲

  1. Unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life ______ his great wealth.

A. Without B. despite C. in D. to

答案解析

答案B

【解析】尽管Lucas先生有大量的财富,但是他过着简单的生活,这让人难以置信。根据a simple life以及his great wealth可知此处表转折。

7.介词·党同伐异 “since”

ever since

【直译】曾经自从

【释义】至今,直到现在,迄今为止

【例句】I have distrusted her ever since she cheated me.

自从她骗我以后,我就不信任她了。

since then

【直译】从那时起

【释义】从那时起,从那时以来

【例句】And I no longer like skating since then.

从那时起我就不再喜欢滑冰了

long since

【直译】自从很久以前

【释义】很久以前;从前

【例句】The wheel had long since rusted from years of disuse.

多年不用的车轮早已锈迹斑斑。

典例精讲

  1. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

  1. -Have you known each other for long?

-Not very long, ______ we started to work in the company.

A. after B. before C. when D. since

  1. ______ he came to study in the university,he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. while    B.When     C.After   D.Since

答案和解析

  1. 答案 D

解析 句意为:那确实是一个很精彩的夜晚。我有很多年没玩得这么开心了。since表示“自从”意思时,其后面的谓语动词若是延续性动作动词,要从动作结束时算起,即:我有数年没有玩得这么痛快了。

  1. 答案 D

【翻译】你们认识很久了吗?

-不久,因为我们刚开始在公司工作。

  1. 答案 D

【翻译】自从他来这所大学学习以来,他在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。

8.介词·党同伐异 “until”

till all hours

【直译】直到所有的小时

【释义】到深更半夜

【例句】He stays up drinking till all hours.

他喝酒一直喝到深夜。

right up until

【直译】恰恰向上一直到

【释义】一直到

【例句】It's a busy time now, right up until New Year.

现在很忙,一直到新年都会是这样。

unless and until

【直译】除非并且直到

【释义】直到 ... 才

【例句】I will not believe it unless and until he tells me so.

除非他亲口对我说,否则我决不相信.

典例精讲

  1. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ______ we’ve actually had that lesson.

A. until B. after C. since D. when

  1. —Is there any chance of my borrowing your iPod?

    —For how long?

— _____ the end of the week.

A. Since B. Until C. From D. By

  1. This shop will be closed for repairs_____ further notice.

A. with B. until C. for D. at

答案和解析

答案 A

【解析】 句意为:对我们来说在生活中得到启示是很难的,直到我们真正得到了那一启示。A项为“直到”;B项为“在……以后”;C项为“自从……以来”;D项为“当……的时候”。

  1. 答案  B
    

【翻译】-我有机会借你的iPod吗?

-多久了?

-直到周末。

  1. 答案B

【解析】句意:在另行通知前,这家店将停止整顿。Until further notice表示“在另行通知前”

9.介词·党同伐异 “beyond”

1、动词词组

go beyond

【直译】超越过去

【释义】超出;胜过( 在…的另一边,(时间) 在…之后, 超出,超过 )

【例句】Do you really need them, or do they go beyond enough?

你真的需要他们,或者他们是否真的超过了“足够”所需?

think beyond

【直译】思考超越

【释义】跳出……观念之外

【例句】I could barely think beyond the immediate moment.

我几乎不能思考当时以外的事情。

2、名词词组

the back of beyond

【直译】超越的后面

【释义】僻远的地区,穷乡僻壤

【例句】After living in London, this little town seems like the back of beyond.

住在伦敦以后,这个小镇像是个极偏僻的地方。

beyond retrieval

【直译】超越了撤退

【释义】无法挽回 不可挽回

【例句】But in the most situations, real estate investment is beyond retrieval, and it can be postponed.

但是,在大多数情况下,房地产开发投资是不可逆的,并且投资具有可推迟性。

beyond reproach

【直译】超越了撤退

【释义】完美无缺的,无可指责的

【例句】His morals are beyond reproach.

他的品行是完美无缺的。

典例精讲

1.his new model of car is so expensive that it is ______ the reach of those with average incomes.

A. over B. within C. beyond D. below

2.Sorry,Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours.

A. during B.at C. beyond D. before

3.—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

—Because the old one has been damaged.

A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description

答案和解析

  1. 答案 C

【解析】 此题考查介词的用法。over表示数目、程度超过,多于;within在……之内;beyond(表示范围、限度)超出;below在……以下。此处指“这种新型的车太贵了,它超出了收入是一般情况的人的购买能力(范围)”。beyond the reach超出……范围。

2.答案 C

【解析】考查介词的用法。beyond(时间)晚于,迟于。句意为:对不起,女士,你最好明天来,因为已经过了开放期了。

  1. 答案 B

【解析】 A项意为“无法到达”;B项意为“无法修理”;C项意为“无法控制”;D项意为“无法描述”。由句意可知,B项正确。

10.介词·党同伐异 “off”

go off

【直译】离开…走

【释义】离开;停止运转;爆炸((炸弹) 爆炸; (枪) 开击,停止运作 )

【例句】So I’m raised in this environment, and I go off to college.

因此,我就是在这种环境长大的。后来,我离开上大学去了。

off duty

【直译】离开职责

【释义】下班

【例句】When do you come off duty?

你什么时候下班?

pay off

【直译】付钱离开

【释义】付清;取得成功(还清,(某行动) 取得成功; 带来好结果 )

【例句】You have to stay consistent with them, but they pay off big rewards.

你必须和它们保持一致,它们会给你巨大的回报。

典例精讲

  1. For holidays, many people visit the Great Barrier Reef ______ the northeast coast of Australia.

A. in B. on C. within D. off

答案解析

答案 D

【翻译】度假时,许多人参观澳大利亚东北海岸外的大堡礁。

11.介词·党同伐异 “except”

     介词猫猫图-except                                 介词except的含义

except for

【释义】除了…以外;要不是由于

【例句】Your composition is good except for some overcolouring here and there.

你的作文很好,除了个别地方有些过分润色。

except that

【直译】除了那个…

【释义】n. 只可惜;除了…之外

【例句】This restaurant has nothing to recommend except that it's cheap.

这家饭馆除了价钱便宜之外,一无可取

except to

【释义】除了…以外

【例句】What do we do with language except to communicate?

除了去交流,我们还能拿语言去干嘛?

典例精讲

  1. Everything was perfect for the picnic _______ the weather.

A.in place of B.as well as C. except for D.in case of

  1. The wall was bare, _______a map of the world.

A. except B. except for C. without D. besides

答案和解析

  1. 答案 C

【解析】C项except for为肯定整体、除去瘕疵,后跟名词。句意为:除了天气之外,一切都适合野餐。

  1. 【解析】根据句意,应该是除了一张世界地图,这个墙上光秃秃的,这个墙上包含着地图,所以应该用except for,故正确答案为B.

【翻译】除了一张世界地图,墙壁是光秃秃的。

介词 · 党同伐异“but”

all but

【直译】除了这个所有

【释义】几乎,差一点

【例句】That market has all but disappeared.

这个市场现在几乎消失了。

cannot but

【直译】除了…不能…

【释义】不得不,禁不住

【例句】Whenever I go home,I cannot but feel sad.

每当我回家,我就忍不住感到悲伤。

can but

【直译】除了…能…

【释义】conj. 只能

【例句】We can but hope.

我们只能希望如此

典例精讲

  1. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding.

A. like B. as C. or D. but

  1. I thought we’d be late for the concert, _______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.

A. but B. or C.so D. for

  1. Reality is not the way you wish things to be,nor the way they appear to be,_____ the way they actually are.

A.as B. or C. but D. and

答案和解析

  1. 答案D。

【解析】此处but为介词,not…but…意为“除了(不包括后面内容)”。

  1. 答案 A

【解析】 句意为:我以为我们去听音乐会会迟到,但结果我们却提前到了那里。此处用but表转折。

  1. 答案 C

【解析】 句意为:现实不是你希望事情成为的那样,也不是事情看上去的那样,而是事情本身的样子。本题考查not...but...结构。

12.介词·党同伐异 “than”

介词猫猫图-than 介词than的含义

no more than

【直译】不超过

【释义】只是;两者都不

【例句】This test takes no more than thirty minutes.

这个测试只需要30分钟。

【例句】She is no more clever than he is.

她和他两个都不聪明。

not more than

【直译】不比…更多

【释义】不超过

【例句】Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party.

不超过10位客人参加了她的生日聚会。

【例句】She is not more clever than he is.

她不如他聪明。

典例精讲

She did worse in the tests _______ she expected,but better in the final examination.

A.as B. than C. since D. if

答案和解析

答案 B

【翻译】她考试成绩比预期的差,但期末考试成绩更好。

13.介词·党同伐异 “per”

介词猫猫图-per 介词per的含义

as per

【直译】作为每一个

【释义】按照,依据;如同

【例句】We wish to order from you your products as per our purchase.

我方希望能按照定货单从你处订购贵方的产品。

as per normal/usual

【直译】按照通常的

【释义】照常;按惯例;一如既往

【例句】Everyone blamed me as per usual,

    大家照例是责备我。

per annum

【直译】每年

【释义】每年(每年)

【例句】The agency places about 4,000 young persons per annum.

该代理机构每年为4,000名年轻人安排工作。

典例精讲

The cost is calculated_______ person.

A. about B. on C. in D. per

答案和解析

【解析】根据句意,成本按照每人计算,应该用per,故正确答案为D.

【翻译】费用按每人计算。